Andy Ward

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PO Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
andy.ward@pnl.gov

Biography

Dr. Ward is a Senior Research Scientist in the Hydrology Group at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. He is currently the Co-PI for the Hanford Site Science and Technology Vadose Zone Transport Field Study in which a team of scientists from PNNL, INEEL, LANL, and LBNL are developing methods for describing field-scale flow and transport processes in the vadose zone and for estimating transport properties. He is also involved with two EMSP projects: (1) as principle investigator on a recently concluded study of the effects of hypersaline HLW tank fluids on wetted path geometry and vapor transport, and (2) as a contributor to a study of the influence of clastic dikes on vertical migration of contaminants in the vadose zone at Hanford. He is PNNL’s lead on the performance evaluation of long-lived surface barriers and leads the measurement and description of flow and transport properties in Hanford’s Tank Farms. His most recent research focuses on the developing inverse methods for estimating effective transport properties from field-scale experiments.

Research Interests

Simulating water and solute movement in the vadose zone
Estimating flow and transport parameters for the vadose zone
Measurement of unsaturated soil hydraulic properties
Non-equilibrium contaminant transport
Brine transport in unsaturated porous media
Environmental remediation technologies

Education and Credentials

Ph.D. Soil Physics, University of Guelph, 1993
M.Sc. Soil Science, University of Guelph, 1989
B.Sc. Agronomy (1st Class Hons.), University of the West Indies, 1986

Affiliations and Professional Service

Awards and Recognitions

2006, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Mentor Award

Selected Publications

2009

Oostrom M, TW Wietsma, JH Dane, MJ Truex, and AL Ward. 2009. "Desiccation of unsaturated porous media: Intermediate-scale experiments and numerical simulation." Vadose Zone Journal 8(3):643-650.
Serne RJ, AL Ward, W Um, BN Bjornstad, DF Rucker, DC Lanigan, and MW Benecke. 2009. Electrical Resistivity Correlation to Vadose Zone Sediment and Pore-Water Composition for the BC Cribs and Trenches Area. PNNL-17821, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Tartakovsky AM, P Meakin, and AL Ward. 2009. "Smoothed particle hydrodynamics model of non-aqueous phase liquid flow and dissolution ." Transport in Porous Media 76(1):11-34.

2008

Ward AL, GT Berlin, JW Cammann, KD Leary, and SO Link. 2008. Test Plan to Assess Fire Effects on the Function of an Engineered Surface Barrier. PNNL-17859, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Ward AL, M Oostrom, and DH Bacon. 2008. Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Soil Desiccation for Vadose Zone Remediation: Report for Fiscal Year 2007. PNNL-17274, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Ward AL, SO Link, CE Strickland, KE Draper, and RE Clayton. 2008. 200-BP-1 Prototype Hanford Barrier Annual Monitoring Report for Fiscal Years 2005 Through 2007 . PNNL-17176, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

2007

Ward AL. 2007. Geotechnical, Hydrogeologic and Vegetation Data Package for 200-UW-1 Waste Site Engineered Surface Barrier Design. PNNL-17134, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Zhang ZF, M Oostrom, and AL Ward. 2007. "Saturation-Dependent Hydraulic Conductivity Anisotropy for Multifluid Systems in Porous Media." Vadose Zone Journal 6(4):925-934. doi:10.2136/vzj2006.0141
Conrad ME, DJ Depaolo, K Maher, GW Gee, and AL Ward. 2007. "Field Evidence for Strong Chemical Separation of Contaminants in the Hanford Vadose Zone." Vadose Zone Journal 6(4):1031-1041. doi:10.2136/vzj2007.0007
Murray CJ, AL Ward, and J Wilson. 2007. "Influence of Clastic Dikes on Vertical Migration of Contaminants at the Hanford Site ." Vadose Zone Journal 6(4):959-970. doi:10.2136/vzj2007.0004
Tartakovsky AM, AL Ward, and P Meakin. 2007. "Pore-scale simulations of drainage of heterogeneous and anisotropic porous media ." Physics of Fluids 19(10):Art. No. 103301. doi:10.1063/1.2772529
Ward AL, and ZF Zhang. 2007. "Effective Hydraulic Properties Determined from Transient Unsaturated Flow in Anisotropic Soils." Vadose Zone Journal 6(4):913-924. doi:10.2136/vzj2006.0174

2006

Stewart ML, AL Ward, and DR Rector. 2006. "A Study of Pore Geometry Effects on Anisotropy in Hydraulic Permeability Using the Lattice-Boltzmann Method." Advances in Water Resources 29(9):1328-1340.
Ward AL, ZF Zhang, and GW Gee. 2006. "Upscaling unsaturated hydraulic parameters for flow through heterogeneous anisotropic sediments." Advances in Water Resources 29(2):268-280. doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.02.013
Ward AL, ME Conrad, WD Daily, JB Fink, VL Freedman, GW Gee, GM Hoversten, JM Keller, EL Majer, CJ Murray, MD White, SB Yabusaki, and ZF Zhang. 2006. Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: Summary Report . PNNL-15443, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Ward AL, ZF Zhang, and GW Gee. 2006. "Upscaling unsaturated hydraulic parameters for flow through heterogeneous anisotropic sediments ." Advances in Water Resources 29(2):268-280.

2005

Gee GW, JM Keller, and AL Ward. 2005. "Measurement and Prediction of Deep Drainage from Bare Sediments at a Semiarid Site ." Vadose Zone Journal 4(1):32-40.
Gee GW, PD Meyer, and AL Ward. 2005. "Nuclear Waste Disposal." In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, vol. 3, ed. Daniel Hillel, pp. 56 - 64. Elsevier Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom.
Kowalsky MB, SA Finsterle, J Peterson, S Hubbard, Y Rubin, EL Majer, AL Ward, and GW Gee. 2005. "Estimation of field-scale soil hydraulic and dielectric parameters through joint inversion of GPR and hydrological data." Water Resources Research 41(11):W11425 1-19. doi:10.1029/2005WR004237
Seedahmed GH, and AL Ward. 2005. "Scale-Space Mutual Information for Textural-Patterns Characterization." In Proceedings of the 8th IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics & Imaging, August 15-17 2005, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 140-145. ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada.
Ward AL, JK Linville, JM Keller, and GH Seedahmed. 2005. 200-BP-1 Prototype Hanford Barrier Annual Monitoring Report for Fiscal Year 2004 . PNNL-14960, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Ward AL, MD White, EJ Freeman, JR, and ZF Zhang. 2005. STOMP Sparse Vegetation Evapotranspiration Model for the Water-Air-Energy Operational Mode . PNNL-15465, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

2004

Zhang ZF, AL Ward, and GW Gee. 2004. "A Combined Parameter Scaling and Inverse Technique to Upscale the Unsaturated Hydraulic Parameters for Heterogeneous Soils ." Water Resources Research 40(8):1-13 (W08306).
Zhang ZF, AL Ward, and GW Gee. 2004. "A Parameter Scaling Concept for Estimating Field-Scale Hydraulic Functions of Layered Soils ." Journal of Hydraulic Research 42(SI):93 - 103.
Gee GW, AL Ward, ZF Zhang, and A Anandacoomaraswamy. 2004. "Use of Water Fluxmeters to Measure Drainage." In Drainage VIII : Proceedings of the 8th International Drainage Symposium, 21-24 March 2004, Sacramento, California , ed. Richard A. Cooke, pp. 321 -331. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.
Raats PA, ZF Zhang, AL Ward, and GW Gee. 2004. "The relative connectivity-tortuosity tensor for conduction of water in anisotropic unsaturated soils." Vadose Zone Journal 3(4):1471-1478.
Ward AL, GW Gee, ZF Zhang, and JM Keller. 2004. Vadose Zone Contaminant Fate and Transport Analysis for the 216-B-26 Trench . PNNL-14907, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

2003

Ward AL, and GW Gee. 2003. Vadose Zone Transport Field Study FY 2003 Test Plan . PNNL-14240, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Zhang ZF, AL Ward, and GW Gee. 2003. "A Tensorial Connectivity�Tortuosity Concept to Describe the Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties of Anisotropic Soils." Vadose Zone Journal 2(3):313-321.
Zhang ZF, AL Ward, and GW Gee. 2003. "Estimating Soil Hydraulic Parameters of a Field Drainage Experiment Using Inverse Techniques." Vadose Zone Journal 2:201-211.
Gee GW, AL Ward, JB Sisson, JM Hubbell, DA Myers, and HA Sydnor. 2003. Hydrologic Characterization Using Vadose Zone Monitoring Tools: Status Report. PNNL-14115, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Gee GW, ZF Zhang, and AL Ward. 2003. "A modified vadose zone fluxmeter with solution collection capability." Vadose Zone Journal 2:627-632.
Murray CJ, AL Ward, and JL Wilson, III. 2003. Influence of Clastic Dikes on Vertical Migration of Contaminants in the Vadose Zone at Hanford. PNNL-14224, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

2002

Zhang ZF, AL Ward, and GW Gee. 2002. Estimating Field-Scale Hydraulic Parameters of Heterogeneous Soils Using A Combination of Parameter Scaling and Inverse Methods. PNNL-14109, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Freshley MD, AL Bunn, GW Gee, TJ Gilmore, CT Kincaid, RE Peterson, AL Ward, SB Yabusaki, and JM Zachara. 2002. Groundwater Protection Program Science and Technology Summary Description. PNNL-14092, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Gee GW, AL Ward, and CD Wittreich. 2002. The Hanford Site 1000-Year Cap Design Test. PNNL-14143, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Gee GW, AL Ward, TG Caldwell, and JC Ritter. 2002. "A Vadose Zone Water Fluxmeter With Divergence Control." Water Resources Research 38(8):16-1 to 16-7.
Gee GW, AL Ward, ZF Zhang, GS Campbell, and JB Mathison. 2002. "The Influence of Hydraulic Non-Equilibrium on Pressure Plate Data." Vadose Zone Journal 1:172-178.
Kachanoski RG, and AL Ward. 2002. "Determination of Field Solute mass Flux (Travel Time Probability Density Function) Using Time Domain Reflectometry." Chapter 6.5.5 in Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods, vol. 5, ed. J.H. Dane and G.C. Topp, pp. 1423 - 1431. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

2001

Ward AL, and GW Gee. 2001. Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: FY 2001 Test Plan. PNNL-13451, Rev. 1, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Ward AL, and GW Gee. 2001. Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: FY 2002 Test Plan . PNNL-13857, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Zhang ZF, AL Ward, and GW Gee. 2001. "Estimating soil hydraulic properties from field-scale experiments using the inverse model UCODE with the STOMP simulator." Eos 82(47):F363.
Gee GW, AL Ward, JC Ritter, JB Sisson, JM Hubbell, and HA Sydnor. 2001. Installation of a Hydrologic Characterization Network for Vadose Zone Monitoring of a Single-Shell Tank Farm at the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford Site . PNNL-13712, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Gee GW, and AL Ward. 2001. Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: Status Report . PNNL-13679, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Gee GW, and AL Ward. 2001. "Vapor Transport in Dry Soils." In Encyclopedia of Water Science, ed. Stanley W. Trimble, pp. 1012-1016. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.
Ward AL, GW Gee, and ZF Zhang. 2001. "The effect of fluid properties on field-scale anion transport during intermittent unsaturated flow." Eos 82(47):F421.

2000

Ward AL, TG Caldwell, and GW Gee. 2000. Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: Soil Water Content Distributions by Neutron Moderation. PNNL-13795, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Ward AL, and GW Gee. 2000. Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: Detailed Test Plan for Simulated Leak Tests. PNNL-13263, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Gee GW, and AL Ward. 2000. "Moisture Accumulation Under Asphalt Cover at Radioactive Waste-Burial Site, Discussion." Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management 4(1):40-41.

1999

Gee GW, AL Ward, and PD Meyer. 1999. "Method to estimate water storage capacity of capillary barriers - Discussion ." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 125(10):918-919.
Gee GW, AL Ward, and PD Meyer. 1999. "Method to Estimate Water Storage Capacity of Capillary Barriers -discussion." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 125(10):918-919.
Gee GW, and AL Ward. 1999. "Innovations in Two-Phase Measurements of Soil Hydraulic Properties." In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Characterization and Measurement of the Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Porous Media, Oct. 22-24, 1997, ed. M. Th. van Genuchten F. J. Leij and L. Wu, pp. 241-269. U.C. Riverside Press, Riverside, CA.